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USS ''Portland'' (CL/CA–33), the lead ship of her class of cruiser, was the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city of Portland, Maine. Launched in 1932, she saw a number of training and goodwill cruises in the interwar period. In World War II, she saw extensive service beginning at the 1942 Battle of Coral Sea, where she escorted the aircraft carrier and picked up survivors from the sunken carrier . She screened for ''Yorktown'' again in the Battle of Midway, picking up her survivors as well. She then supported the carrier during the initial phase of the Guadalcanal Campaign later that year, and was torpedoed during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. The torpedo inflicted heavy damage which put her out of action for six months as she was repaired in Sydney, Australia and later San Diego, California. Returning to action in mid-1943, she saw action in many of the major campaigns of the Pacific War, conducting shore bombardments in support of campaigns at the Aleutian Islands, Gilbert and Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, and New Guinea. She was involved in the October 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf, engaging Japanese ships in the decisive Battle of Surigao Strait. She then conducted shore bombardments at Lingayen Gulf and Corregidor Island, and in 1945 supported landings during the Battle of Okinawa until the end of the war. Following World War II, ''Portland'' accepted the Japanese surrender in the Caroline Islands and then undertook several Operation ''Magic Carpet'' cruises to bring U.S. troops home. She was decommissioned in 1946 and scrapped by 1962. In her extensive service she accrued 16 battle stars, making her one of the most decorated ships in the U.S. fleet. == Design and construction == (詳細はlead ship of the third class of "treaty cruisers" to be constructed by the United States Navy following the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, following the two vessels of the ordered in 1926 and the six vessels of the ordered in 1927. Ordered for the U.S. Navy in Fiscal Year 1930. ''Portland'' was originally designated as a light cruiser, because of her thin armor, and given the hull classification symbol CL-33. She was reclassified a heavy cruiser, because of her 8-inch guns, with the symbol CA-33 on 1 July 1931, in accordance with the London Naval Treaty. ''Portland'' was designed for a standard displacement of , and a full-load displacement of . However, ''Portland'' only displaced when completed. In 1943, a light tripod was added forward of the second funnel on the ship, and a prominent fire-control director was installed aft. Her four Parsons GT geared turbines each drove a propeller shaft using steam provided by eight Yarrow boilers. ''Portland''s power plant generated and she had a designed maximum speed of . The ship reached, however, on sea trials. She rolled badly until fitted with bilge keels. ''Portland'' was designed for a range of at . The ship was armed with a main battery of nine Mark 9 8"/55 caliber guns arrayed in three triple mounts, a superfiring pair forward and one aft. She was armed with eight 5"/25 caliber guns for anti-aircraft defense, and she also had two QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss saluting guns. In 1945, her anti-aircraft defenses were upgraded, receiving twenty four Bofors 40 mm guns which were arranged in four quad mounts and four twin mounts. ''Portland'' was also upgraded with seventeen Oerlikon 20 mm cannons. She was originally designed with of armor for deck and side protection, but during construction her armor was increased. As completed, the ship was protected with of belt armor which increased to around the magazines. Her armor was between and thick on the transverse bulkheads, while armor on her main deck was thick. Armor on her barbettes was thick, armor on her gunhouses was thick, and armor on her conning tower was thick. Additionally, the ''Portland''-class cruisers were designed with space to be outfitted as fleet flagships, with accommodations for an Admiral and his staff to operate. The class also featured two aircraft catapult amidships, and she could carry four aircraft which were stored in a hangar. Her total crew complement varied, with a regular designed crew complement of 848, a wartime complement of 952, and a complement 1,229 when the cruiser was operating as a fleet flagship. ''Portland'' was laid down by Bethlehem Steel at its Quincy Shipyard on 17 February 1930. The machinery was provided by the builders. ''Portland'' was launched on 21 May 1932 and commissioned on 23 February 1933. She was the first ship named for the city of Portland, Maine, and sponsored by the daughter of Ralph D. Brooks of Portland, and with Captain Herbert F. Leary as her first commander. Her sailors would later nickname her "Sweet Pea." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Portland (CA-33)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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